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Herbs & Supplements

American Mandrake
Scientific Name: Mayapple
Other Names: Bajialian, Duck's Foot, Ground Lemon, Indian Apple, May Apple, Podophyllin, Podophyllum, Podophyllum peltatum, Raccoon Berry, Umbrella Plant, Wild Lemon

References

Anon: Podophyllum. In: DerMarderosian A, Beutler JA, eds. Facts and Comparisons: The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis, MO, Facts and Comparisons. January 1992.

Auburn University. Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum). No date given. Available at: http://www.auburn.edu/~deancar/wfnotes/mayap.htm. Accessed June 19, 2003.

Cassidy DE, Drewry J, Fanning JP. Podophyllum toxicity: a report of a fatal case and a review of the literature. Journal of Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology. 1982;19(1):35-44.

Chamberlain MJ, Reynolds AL, Yeoman WB. Medical memoranda. Toxic effect of podophyllum application in pregnancy. British Medical Journal. 1972;3(823):391-392.

Chang LW, Yang CM, Chen CF, Deng JF. Experimental podophyllotoxin (bajiaolian) poisoning: I. Effects on the nervous system. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. 1992;5(4):283-292.

Chang LW, Yang CM, Chen CF, Deng JF. Experimental podophyllotoxin (bajiaolian) poisoning: II. Effects on the liver, intestine, kidney, pancreas and testis. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. 1992;5(4):293-302.

Fisher AA. Severe systemic and local reactions to topical podophyllum resin. Cutis. 1981;28(3):233, 236, 242 passim.

Fondren BT. Mayapple. Ethnobotanical Leaflet. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. May 15, 1998. Available at: http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/mayapple.htm. Accessed June 19, 2003.

Frasca T, Brett AS, Yoo SD. Mandrake toxicity. A case of mistaken identity. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1997;157(17):2007-2009.

Grieve M. Mandrake, American. In: A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publishers, 1971. Available at: http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html Posted 1995. Accessed June 19, 2003.

Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.

Kao WF, Hung DZ, Tsai WJ, Lin KP, Deng JF. Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. Human Experimental Toxicology. 1992;11(6):480-487.

Karol MD, Conner CS, Watanabe AS, Murphrey KJ. Podophyllum: suspected teratogenicity from topical application. Clinical Toxicology. 1980;16(3):283-286.

Kumar R, Singh PK, Sharma A, et al. Podophyllum hexandrum (Himalayan mayapple) extract provides radioprotection by modulating the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 2005;42(Pt 1):81-92.

Moraes RM, Momm HG, Silva B, et al. Geographic information system method for assessing chemo-diversity in medicinal plants. Planta Medica. 2005;71(12):1157-1164.

Moher LM, Maurer SA. Podophyllum toxicity: case report and literature review. Journal of Family Practice. 1979;9(2):237-240.

Rosenstein G, Rosenstein H, Freeman M, Weston N. Podophyllum- a dangerous laxative. Pediatrics. 1976;57(3):419-421.

Schwartz J, Norton SA. Useful plants of dermatology. VI. The mayapple (Podophyllum). Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2002;47(5):774-775.

Last Reviewed June 6, 2007

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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References